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''Peanut stunt virus '' (PSV) is a plant pathogenic virus 〔Description of Plant Viruses:(What are viruses? )〕 in the family ''Bromoviridae''.〔Description of Plant Viruses: (Bromovirideae )〕 It is a member of the genus '' Cucumovirus '',〔Description of Plant Viruses: (Cucumovirus )〕 the type member of which is '' Cucumber mosaic virus ''. The three members of this genus are positive-stranded RNA viruses with a multipartite genome (3-4 parts). The virus particles have an isometric or spherical shape.〔ICTVdB - Picture Gallery: (Images of CMV )〕 ==Distribution and Host Range == PSV was first named as a new disease of groundnuts or peanuts ('' Arachis hypogaea '') in 1966. (Disease symptoms ) on the above ground parts of the peanut plants were described as severe dwarfing or stunting – hence the name ''Peanut stunt virus''. Fruit production was also severely reduced. Virginia peanut fields, where this disease was first observed in 1964, had yield reductions of 10-50%.〔Miller, L.E. and Troutman, J.L. 1966. Stunt disease of peanuts in Virginia. Plant Disease Reporter 50:139-143.〕 Severe stunting of peanuts had also been observed in North Carolina in 1964.〔Cooper, W.E. 1966. A destructive virus disease of peanut. Plant Disease Reporter 50:136〕 The peanut disease in N. Carolina was reported to be caused by the PSV in 1967.〔Hebert, T.T. 1967. Epidemiology of peanut stunt virus in North Carolina. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 57: 461.〕 The later report also stated that this virus caused disease in bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'') and in white clover (''Trifolium repens''). After its first description, PSV was quickly diagnosed in beans in Washington State,〔Mink, G.I., Hebert, T.T., and Silbernagel, M.J. 1967. A strain of peanut stunt virus isolated in Washington (Abstr.) Phytopathology 57: 1400.〕 white clover in South Carolina,〔Choopanya, D. 1968. Distribution of peanut stunt virus in white clover in South Carolina and its relationship to peanut culture. Plant Disease Reporter 52: 926-928.〕 peanuts, beans and white clover in Georgia,〔Kuhn, C.W. 1971. Peanut stunt virus in Georgia. Plant Disease Reporter 55:453〕 peanuts in Alabama,〔Rogers, K. M. and Mixon, A.C. 1972. Peanut stunt virus in Alabama. Plant Disease Reporter 56:415-416〕 and white clover in Florida.〔Batchelor, D.L., Young, T.R., and Purcifull, D.E. 1974. Identification of peanut stunt virus in Florida. Plant Disease Reporter 58: 830-831.〕 Strains of PSV have now been identified in Africa (Morocco), Europe (France, Poland, Russia, and Spain) and Asia (India,〔Bananej, K., Hajimorad, M. R. and Shahraeen, N. 1995. Isolation and characterization of a cucumovirus resembling peanut stunt virus from Iran. P. 107. In Proc. 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress.〕 Japan, Korea and China 〔Xu, Z. and Zhang, Z. 1988. Distribution of peanut virus diseases and detection of virus by serology in China. Oil Crops China 2:56-61.〕) as well as in the United States. PSV is an economically important pathogen of plants in the family Leguminosae. In addition to beans, peanuts, and clover (7 different species of ''Trifolium'' 〔Choopanya, D. and Halpin, J.E. 1968. Host range of peanut stunt virus in ''Trifolium spp.'' Phytopathology 58:726.〕), PSV has been reported to naturally infect peas (''Pisum sativum''), soybeans (''Glycine max''), alfalfa (''Medicago sativa'') and lupine (''Lupinus luteus''). In 2002, PSV was reported to infect (rhizoma or perennial peanut ) (''Arachis glabrata'') in N. Florida and S. Georgia.〔Blount, A.R. Pittman, R.N, Smith, B.A., Morgan, R. N., Dankers, W., Sprenkel, R.K., Momol, M.T. 2002. First Report of Peanut Stunt Virus in Perennial Peanut in North Florida and Southern Georgia. (Plant Disease 86:326 ).〕 Host range studies have shown that fourteen other plant families can be infected with this virus including agriculturally important crops in the plant families Cucurbitaceae (squash, cucumber, watermelon) and Solanceae (tomatoes, peppers, tobacco).〔ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: ( Peanut stunt virus )〕 Cultivated Tobacco (''Nicotiana tabacum'')〔Gooding, G.V., Jr. 1968. Burley tobacco naturally infected with peanut stunt virus in Virginia. Plant Dis. Rep. 54:183-184.〕 and celery (''Apium graveolens'')〔Twardowicz-Jakusz, A. and Pospieszny, H. 1983. Comparison of two strains of peanut stunt virus isolated from celery and yellow lupine in Poland. Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. 29:423-427.〕 have also been reported to be naturally infected. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peanut stunt virus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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